
Address
MS 14B
2575 Sand Hill Road
Stanford, CA 94025
United StatesDescription
The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) is a national laboratory operated by Stanford University for the U.S. Department of Energy. Established in 1962, the Center is one of a handful of laboratories worldwide at the forefront of research in the basic constituents of matter and the forces that act upon them. It is operated as a national facility so that scientists from universities and research centers throughout the world may participate in the high energy physics program. It is also a pioneer in the field of synchrotron radiation research, and has been a leading national user-oriented synchrotron radiation facility for two decades.
Mission
SLAC's mission can be summarized as follows:
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Provide the accelerators, detectors, synchrotron light sources, and support needed for a national program in experimental and theoretical physics, and synchrotron radiation research;
- Advance the state of the art of accelerators and detectors, and synchrotron light sources;
- Contribute to the next generation of scientists and engineers;
- Transfer knowledge and innovative technology to the private sector;
- Achieve excellence in matters of environmental concern and in providing for the safety and health of its staff and the public.
Technology Disciplines
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Product and Document Security Method: Utilizing microdrop combinatorics, ink set and ink composition used therein, and products formed
Abstract
This technology implements trap-door printing on a substrate with combinatorial microdrop arrays to form arbitrary patterns on the substrate as a means to authenticate products and documents.
One method of implementing difficult reversibility in the printing and readout relationship utilizes the combination of pigments and phosphors having non-additive color mixing characteristics to make colored microdots. These microdots are produced by microdroppers or inkjet ejectors, each having a certain proportion of pigments and, therefore, would be producing a unique spectral response. Creating and characterizing a microdot having a unique spectral response holds the “cryptographic key.” A re-measurement of the spectral response of a microdot that matches the “key” authenticates the document on which the microdot is placed.
Without knowledge of the “key” and because of the non-additive color mixing characteristics of pigments behind a microdot’s spectral response, a counterfeiter, taking the spectral measurement of a microdot from an original document, and then attempting to determine from this spectral information what pigments and what proportions of each were used to make this microdot, will find it very difficult, indeed almost impossible, to replicate an illegitimate copy of the document. Furthermore, utilizing computer controlled microdrop or inkjet technology adds additional layers of security. The first is that the very small amount of material used for each microdot precludes easy, direct chemical analysis of the deposited microdots. The second security factor is that microdrop or inkjet technology can be used to create very dense two-dimensional arrays of up to tens of thousands of microdots. This means that the reverse engineering to identify the “key” to a multi-thousand element array is an intractably difficult problem in nonlinear combinatorial chemistry. Furthermore, printing marks at “secret” locations on a document—that can be a certain “secret” collection of marks on a document or “secret” marks that are integrated into other patterns or letter prints on a document—adds an extra layer of security.
Benefits
Low-cost:
-Consumer-grade hardware could be used to print secure documents
-Economically practical to print and have archived unique security labels for each individual itemHighly resistant to counterfeiting:
-Duplication of security pattern is dependent on access to the information key
-Resistant to compromise by thefts of raw materials
-Allows for direct printing on objects to remove the risk of label transfer
-Difficult to replicate spectral patternScalable:
-For both low and high security applications
-Can be combined with conventional security printing methods to further enhance security
-Easy authentication - potentially low cost optical reader, combined with verification of patterns over the internet can allow the average consumer or employee to check
Details
Patent Number | 6,786,954 (USA) |
Universal Fluid Droplet Ejector
Abstract
A fluid ejector capable of producing micron sized droplets on demand is constructed of: a quartz tube; a donut shaped piezoelectric element wrapped around one end of the tube and joined with the tube by high-strength epoxy; and a piece of silicon wafer with a micro machined orifice and heat-fused with the same end of the tube. The orifice can be either conical or pyramidal in shape. Its size and shape can be optimized for a particular application, depending on the type of fluid used, and the size of ejected droplets desired. The layer of silicon dioxide which forms naturally on the surface of the silicon wafer allows the wafer to be fusion bonded to the flat bottom rim of the quartz tube when these two components are placed in physical contact and raised to a temperature of 600 deg C. When energized, the piezoelectric element contracts in the mode which squeezes on the quartz tube, thus ejecting micron sized droplets through the orifice. The use of inert and easily sterilized materials like silicon and quartz in the microdrop ejector allows applications with a wide variety of organic and inorganic fluids which may be corrosive or at high temperatures, or may require high levels of sterility. These common materials also make it easy and inexpensive to mass produce ejectors with identical or different orifices for a variety of applications. Fluid pressure can be controlled by a manometer which is filled either with air or an inert gas.
Applications of microdrop ejectors designed and fabricated as described include, but are not limited to, the following. They can be used for the generation of aerosols for various studies, weighing macromolecules that are incorporated into such uniform droplets, microfabrication by accretion of material contained in the droplets in arbitrary geometry on a substrate, and ultra-high resolution inkjet printing. A uniform array of ultra-fine droplets may provide the ideal environment for materials analysis using optical excitation as a probe. Also, the droplets can be electrically charged to a uniform level by straightforward means. Time-of-flight analysis of materials, for example, will then be possible.
Benefits
Inexpensive
-Chemically inert
-Biologically sterile
-Mass production possible
Details
Patent Number | 5,943,075 (USA) |
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Particle Physics & Astrophysics (PPA)
Scientists at SLAC's Particle Physics and Astrophysics develop and utilize unique instruments from underground to outer space to explore the ultimate laws of nature and the origins of the universe. Searching for answers to fundamental questions about the ultimate structure of matter and the forces between these fundamental particles, scientists use accelerators which speed electrons and anti-electrons to nearly the speed of light, and study their collisions and collisions from fixed target experiments. Using similar technology in astrophysics, space-based detectors will help us understand the birth and evolution of the universe.
Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET)
Advanced accelerator research promises to improve the power and efficiency of today's particle accelerators, enhancing applications in medicine and high-energy physics, and providing potential benefits for research in materials, biological and energy science. The Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experiment Tests (FACET) will study plasma acceleration, using short, intense pulses of electrons and positrons to create an acceleration source called a plasma wakefield accelerator. FACET also supports a broad user program in accelerator science, material science and other fields of research that require high-power beams and intense fields. Proposals are solicited from scientists all around the world and peer reviewed by an independent panel of experts.
Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
Address:
Linac Coherent Light Source 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS103
Menlo Park
Region:
P: 650-926-3191Security Clearance : Non Security LabSquare Footage: 0 SLAC's two-mile-long linear accelerator (or linac) has begun a new phase of its career, with the creation of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). For nearly 50 years, SLAC's linac has produced high-energy electrons for cutting-edge physics experiments. Now, scientists continue this tradition of discovery by using the linac to drive a new kind of laser, creating X-ray pulses of unprecedented brilliance. LCLS produces pulses of X-rays more than a billion times brighter than the most powerful existing sources, the so-called synchrotron sources which are also based on large electron accelerators.
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source (SSRL)
Address:
2575 Sand Hill Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025
United StatesRegion:
P: 650-926-2033E: steph@slac.stanford.eduSecurity Clearance : Non Security Lab The SSRL at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory was built in 1974 to take and use for synchrotron studies the intense x-ray beams from the SPEAR storage ring that was originally built for particle. The facility is used by researchers from industry, government laboratories, and universities. These...
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)
Address:
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 99
Menlo Park
Region:
P: 650-926-2079/4000Security Clearance : Non Security LabSquare Footage: 0 TheStanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource(SSRL) provides extremely bright X-rays that scientists use for a wide range of research that probes matter on the scales of atoms and molecules. Studies target advances in energy science, human health, environmental cleanup, nanotechnology, novel materials and information technology, among others. As one of five light sources funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, SSRL enables research that benefits every sector of the American economy. SSRL also provides unique educational experiences and serves as a vital training ground for the nation's future scientific workforce.